教師資格考試英語語法-非謂語動(dòng)詞

https://jiaoshi.huatu.com 2021-10-29 11:39 中國(guó)教師資格網(wǎng) [您的教師考試網(wǎng)]

1.不定式作定語

(1)不定式的一般式通常表示一個(gè)將來或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，完成式則表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。

She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.

(2)如果作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，在不及物動(dòng)詞后通常要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。

Let’s first find a room to live in / put the things in.

We have nothing to worry about. (= There is nothing for us to worry about.)

2. -ing分詞作定語

(1)-ing分詞作定語一般要求其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或是在說話時(shí)該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，否則，要用從句作定語。

Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?

Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?

The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday.

(2)單個(gè)的-ing分詞作定語一般前置，說明名詞的性質(zhì)、特征或用途等，-ing短語作定語一般后置;強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的單個(gè)-ing分詞也常后置。例：

a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping)

a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping)

the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )

The girl singing is my classmate.

3. -ed分詞作定語

-ed分詞作定語一般表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)或已完成的動(dòng)作，-ing分詞表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式則表示一個(gè)正在被進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例：

a developed/developing country

He is a student loved by all the teachers.

The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.

【典型例題】

When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”

A. read B.reads C. to read D. reading

【答案】D。解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意是：當(dāng)我回家的時(shí)候我看到門上別著一個(gè)信息，寫道“很遺憾沒有見到你，晚些時(shí)候會(huì)打電話給你”。reading與pinned to the door一樣做message的后置定語，相當(dāng)于which read，pinned和reading的邏輯主語都是message，它與pin是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形式，與read是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式。故選D。